ChinaNet Online Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”), through its subsidiaries or Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”), is engaged in providing advertising, precision marketing, online to offline (O2O) sales channel expansion and the related data services to small and medium enterprises (“SMEs”) and entrepreneurial management and networking services for entrepreneurs in the PRC. In January 2018, the Company announced its expansion into the blockchain industry and the related technology. The Company aims to develop credible, traceable and highly secured blockchain applications for the large demand from the SMEs and gradually shift from an information services provider to a transaction services provider for business opportunities in the near future.

On January 17, 2018, the Company consummated a registered direct offering of 2,150,001 shares of the Company’s common stock to certain institutional investors at a purchase price of $5.15 per share (“the Financing”). As part of the transaction, the Company also issued to the investors warrants for the purchase of up to 645,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $6.60 per share. The warrants have a term of 30 months from the date of issuance. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $11.1 million (See Note 20).

In May 2018, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary in the PRC, incorporated a new majority-owned subsidiary, Business Opportunity Chain (Beijing) Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Business Opportunity Chain”) with three unrelated parties. The registered capital of Business Opportunity Chain is RMB10 million (approximately US$1.5 million) and the Company beneficially owns 51% equity interest in this entity. Business Opportunity Chain was established to provide research and develop and other technical support for the Company’s blockchain business units. As of September 30, 2018, Business Opportunity Chain is still in its start-up stage.

Summarized below is the information related to the VIEs’ assets and liabilities reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively:

All of the VIEs' assets can be used to settle obligations of their primary beneficiary. Liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on the Company’s general assets. See additional discussion related to restrictions on foreign currency exchange in the PRC in Note 21 and Note 23.

Summarized below is the information related to the financial performance of the VIEs reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively:

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial information as of September 30, 2018 and for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures, which are normally included in complete consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “2017 Form 10-K”) on April 16, 2018.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2018, its condensed consolidated results of operations for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and its condensed consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, as applicable, have been made. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.

The Company incurred operating losses and had negative operating cash flows and may continue to incur operating losses and generate negative cash flows as the Company implements its future business plan. The Company’s net loss attributable to stockholders for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018 was approximately US$12.9 million and US$3.0 million, respectively, compared with approximately US$4.0 million and US$2.1 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has cash and cash equivalents of approximately US$5.9 million and net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was approximately US$3.7 million.

The Company does not currently have sufficient cash or commitments for financing to sustain its operation for the twelve months from the issuance date of these financial statements. The Company plans to optimize its internet resources cost investment strategy to improve the gross profit margin of its core business and to further strengthen the accounts receivables collection management and negotiate with vendors for more favorable payment terms, all of which will help to substantially increase the cashflows from operations. If the Company fails to achieve these goals, the Company may need additional financing to execute its business plan. If additional financing is required, the Company cannot predict whether this additional financing will be in the form of equity, debt, or another form, and the Company may not be able to obtain the necessary additional capital on a timely basis, on acceptable terms, or at all. In the event that financing sources are not available, or that the Company is unsuccessful in increasing its gross profit margin and operating profits, the Company may be unable to implement its current plans for expansion, repay debt obligations or respond to competitive pressures, any of which would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2018 have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business over a reasonable period of time. The Company's ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its uncertain ability to increase gross profit margin and operating profits from its core business and/or obtain additional equity and/or debt financing. The accompanying financial statements as of September 30, 2018 do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties. If the Company is unable to continue as a going concern, it may have to liquidate its assets and may receive less than the value at which those assets are carried on the financial statements.

The condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the financial statements of all the subsidiaries and VIEs of the Company. All transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries and VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company continually evaluates these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, historical experience and various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates.

The exchange rates used to translate amounts in RMB into US$ for the purposes of preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements are as follows:

No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be converted into US$ at the above rates.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, applying the modified retrospective method. The adoption didn’t result in a material adjustment to the accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018.

In accordance with ASC Topic 606, revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how much revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five-step analysis: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company’s contracts with customers do not include multiple performance obligations, significant financing component, variable consideration, nor any clause concerning with returns, refunds or other similar obligations.

The Company does not believe that significant management judgements are involved in revenue recognition, but the amount and timing of the Company’s revenues could be different for any period if management made different judgments or utilized different estimates. Generally, the Company recognizes revenue under ASC Topic 606 for each type of its performance obligation either over time (generally, the transfer of a service) or at a point in time (generally, the transfer of a good (information)) as follows:

Online advertising placement service/TV advertising service

For online advertising placement service contracts and TV advertising service contracts that are established based on a fixed price scheme with the related advertisement placements obligation, the Company provides advertisement placements in specified locations on the Company’s advertising portals for agreed periods and/or place the advertisements onto the Company’s purchased advertisement time during specific TV programs for agreed periods. Revenue is recognized ratably over the period the advertising is provided and, as such, the Company considers the services to have been delivered (“over time”).

Sales of effective sales lead information

For advertising contracts related to purchase of effective sales lead information, revenue is recognized based on a fixed price per sales lead and the quantity of effective sales lead, when information is delivered and accepted by customers (“point in time”).

Search engine marketing and data service

Revenue from search engine marketing and data services is recognized on a monthly basis based on the direct cost consumed through search engines for providing such services with a premium (“over time”). The Company recognizes the revenue on a gross basis, because the Company determines that it is a principle in the transaction who control the goods or services before they are transferred to the customers.

All of the Company’s revenues are generated from the PRC. The following tables present the Company’s revenues disaggregated by products and services and timing of revenue recognition:

Contract costs

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company did not have any significant incremental costs of obtaining contracts with customers incurred and/or costs incurred in fulfilling contracts with customers within the scope of ASC Topic 606, that shall be recognized as an asset and amortized to expenses in a pattern that matches the timing of the revenue recognition of the related contract.

Contract balances

The Company evaluates overall economic conditions, its working capital status and customer specific credit and negotiates the payment terms of a contract with individual customer on a case by case basis in its normal course of business.

Advances received from customers related to unsatisfied performance obligations are recoded as contract liabilities (advance from customers), which will be realized as revenues upon the satisfaction of performance obligations through the transfer of related promised goods and services to customers.

For contracts without a full or any advance payments required, the Company bills the customers any unpaid contract price immediately upon satisfaction of the related performance obligations when revenue is recognized, and the Company normally receives payment from customers within 90 days after a bill is issued.

The Company does not have any contract assets (unbilled receivables) since revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred and the payment from customers is not contingent on a future event.

The Company’s contract liabilities consist of advance from customers related to unsatisfied performance obligations in relation to internet adverting service, search engine marketing service, as well as TV advertising service. All contract liabilities are expected to be recognized as revenue within one year. The table below summarized the movement of the Company’s contract liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018, there is no revenue recognized from performance obligations that were satisfied in prior periods.

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligation

The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient in paragraph ASC Topic 606-10-50-14 and did not disclose the information related to transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of September 30, 2018, because all performance obligations of the Company’s contracts with customers have an original expected duration of one year or less.

Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2018 is as follows:

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2018 is as follows:

The Company performed impairment test on its intangible assets and goodwill as of September 30, 2018 and June 30, 2018 and recognized in the aggregate of approximately US$8.7 million and US$1.5 million impairment loss of intangible assets and goodwill for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The Company determined the fair value of intangible asset using Multi-period Excess Earning Method and the fair value of goodwill using income approach. The following table summarizes the quantitative information about the Company’s Level 3 significant unobservable internally-developed inputs used in determining the fair value of its intangible assets and goodwill, respectively:

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. The amendments in this ASU requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. For public business entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application of the amendments in this ASU is permitted for all entities. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842) – Targeted Improvements ”, which provides entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard and provide lessors with a practical expedient, by class of underlying asset, to not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component and, instead, to account for those components as a single component if the nonlease components otherwise would be accounted for under the new revenue guidance (Topic 606). The Company will adopt the amendments in these ASUs on January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial position and results of operations upon adopting these amendments. The Company expects to complete its assessment by the end of 2018.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02: “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220)-Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”. The amendments in this ASU allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). Consequently, the amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The amendments in this ASU also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial position and results of operations upon adopting these amendments.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07: “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718)-Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting”. The Board is issuing this ASU as part of its Simplification Initiative. The amendments in this ASU expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. An entity should only remeasure liability-classified awards that have not been settled by the date of adoption and equity-classified awards for which a measurement date has not been established through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Upon transition, the entity is required to measure these nonemployee awards at fair value as of the adoption date. The entity must not remeasure assets that are completed. Disclosures required at transition include the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle and, if applicable, quantitative information about the cumulative effect of the change on retained earnings or other components of equity. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial position and results of operations upon adopting these amendments.

All of the accounts receivable are non-interest bearing. Based on the assessment of the collectability of the accounts receivable as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company provided approximately US$3,376,000 and US$2,793,000 allowance for doubtful accounts, respectively, which were primarily related to the accounts receivable of the Company’s internet advertising and TV advertising business segment with an aging over six months. The Company evaluates its accounts receivable with an aging over six months and determines the allowance based on aging data, historical collection experience, customer specific facts and economic conditions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, approximately US$0.76 million allowance for doubtful accounts was provided. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, approximately US$0.04 million allowance for doubtful accounts was reversed due to subsequent collection. For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017, approximately US$1.3 million allowance for doubtful accounts was provided.

Other receivables as of September 30, 2018 primarily represented a US$0.20 million fund advanced to one of the Company’s management during the third fiscal quarter of 2018 for the purpose of setting up and providing finance to a proposed business entity in Taiwan. The Company intends to set up and expand its business in Taiwan through establishing the VIE arrangements with this Taiwan entity. This Taiwan entity was incorporated in September 2017 and is wholly-owned by the management referred above, as of September 30, 2018, this entity has no fund and business activities. As of September 30, 2018, the Company is still discussing with its Taiwan legal counsels, the details of the VIE agreements to be entered between the Company and the Taiwan entity.

Other receivables as of December 31, 2017 primarily represented the remaining balance of a short-term working capital loan to an unrelated entity, which was fully repaid during the first fiscal quarter of 2018.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, other receivables also included approximately RMB10.8 million (approximately US$1.6 million) and RMB5.8 million (US$0.9 million) overdue contractual deposits, respectively, which were related to advertising resources purchase contracts that had been completed with no further cooperation. Based on the assessment of the collectability of these overdue deposits as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had provided full allowance against these doubtful accounts.

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018, approximately US$0.77 million allowance for doubtful accounts was provided to against the Company’s other receivables. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, approximately US$0.03 million allowance for doubtful accounts related to the Company’s other receivables was reversed due to subsequent collection. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, no allowance for doubtful accounts related to the Company’s other receivables was provided or reversed.

The above related parties of the Company represented the Company’s direct or indirect unconsolidated investee companies. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, due from related parties primarily included a total amount of short-term working capital loans of RMB2.38 million (approximately US$0.35 million) and RMB2.2 million (approximately US$0.34 million) to Chuangshi Meiwei and Guohua Shiji, respectively. The working capital loans are advanced to supplement the short-term operational needs of these related parties to assist certain of their business developing projects. The working capital loans are non-interest bearing and needs to be repaid to the Company within one year.

As of December 31, 2017, based on the assessment of the collectability of these related party balances, the Company provided full allowance for doubtful accounts against its service fee receivables due from Beijing Saimeiwei, Chuangshi Meiwei and Guohua Shiji and its short-term working capital loans advanced to Guohua Shiji and Chuangshi Meiwei.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company reversed approximately US$0.01 million allowance for doubtful accounts against the Company’s balances due from related parties, because of subsequent collection of service fee receivables

Cost method investments

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company beneficially owned a 19% equity interest in both ChinaNet Chuang Tou and Guohua Shiji, a 10% equity interest in both Chuangshi Meiwei and Beijing Saturday, and a 15% equity interest in ChinaNet Korea. The Company accounts for its investments in these companies under cost method of accounting. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 and chose to measure its cost method investments which do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the Company.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had reduced the carrying value of its investments in ChinaNet Korea, Chuangshi Meiwei, Guohua Shiji and Beijing Saturday to zero, due to the business activities of these companies had become dormant. The following table summarizes the movement of the Company’s investment in ChinaNet Chuang Tou for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

The shareholders of ChinaNet Chuang Tou have decided to terminate the operation of this entity within 2018. The Company received a RMB3.0 million (approximately US$0.46 million) cash returned from ChinaNet Chuang Tou in early August 2018 and recognized an approximately US$0.46 million of other-than temporary impairment loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, representing the amount of investment expected not recoverable. ChinaNet Chuang Tou is currently dormant.

Depreciation expenses in the aggregate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were approximately US$125,000 and US$149,000, respectively. Depreciation expenses in the aggregate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were approximately US$34,000 and US$49,000, respectively.

Amortization expenses in aggregate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were approximately US$383,000 and US$917,000, respectively. Amortization expenses in aggregate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were approximately US$47,000 and US$310,000, respectively.

Due to shifting business development strategy focus to blockchain related technology and applications, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company provided impairment loss of approximately US$1.84 million against the remaining carrying value of its intangible assets of intelligent marketing data service platform and cloud video management system related to providing management tools services for data collection and analysis, as these assets are not expected to be able to generate economic benefit for the Company in future periods. The Company also recognized an approximately US$1.5 million impairment loss related to its Internet safety, information exchange security and data encryption software for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018, as its carrying value was not expected recoverable and exceeded its fair value (See Note 3 (g) for significant unobservable internally-developed inputs used in the fair value measurement).

Based on the adjusted carrying value of the finite-lived intangible assets after the deduction of the impairment losses, which has a weighted average remaining useful life of 2.73 years as of September 30, 2018, and assuming no further subsequent impairment of the underlying intangible assets, the estimated future amortization expenses is approximately US$5,000 for the three months ending December 31, 2018, approximately US$18,000 each year for the year ending December 31, 2019 and 2020, and approximately US$9,000 for the year ending December 31, 2021.

In February 2018, the Company entered into a contract with an unrelated entity to develop certain blockchain technology based software applications for internal use. Total amount of the contract was US$4.5 million. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had capitalized approximately US$3.38 million software development costs under ASC 350-40 “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software”. The complete beta version of the applications will be ready for trial test by the end of December 2018, and the development project is expected to be completed before June 2019.

In March 2018, the Company entered into a contract with another unrelated entity to develop a social network (WeChat) based marketing campaign application for internal use. Total amount of the contract was RMB3.0 million (approximately US$0.44 million). As of September 30, 2018, in accordance with the payment schedule set forth in the contract, the Company prepaid the counter party RMB2.4 million (approximately US$0.35 million) upon entering the contract. The Company is currently trial testing the preliminary version of this application, and the development project is expected to be completed by December 2018.

According to the development contracts the Company signed with the counter parties, the Company will not bear any development risk related loss unless the counter party has no fault during the development and the causes for failure is considered reasonable as consented by both parties. In the latter case, the related development loss will be shared by both parties based on further negotiation. As of the date hereof, the Company does not aware of any technical risks or other factors that may lead to failure or partial failure of these development projects.

The Company’s goodwill was attributable to its internet advertising and data service reporting unit. The Company performed goodwill impairment test as of June 30, 2018 and determined the fair value of the reporting unit using income approach by a discounted cash flow analysis (See Note 3 (g) for significant unobservable internally-developed inputs used in the fair value measurement). In accordance with ASU 2017-04, which the Company has adopted on January 1, 2018, by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, the Company recorded approximately US$5.29 million impairment loss on its goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had a revolving credit facility of RMB5.0 million (approximately US$0.73 million) for short-term working capital loans granted by a major financial institution in China, which was originally available to the Company for one year until August 15, 2018 and was extended to January 12, 2019. Under the revolving credit facility, the Company borrowed RMB3.0 million (approximately US$0.44 million), which will mature on January 12, 2019 and RMB2.0 million (approximately US$0.29 million), which was repaid on October 19, 2018.

On September 30, 2018, the Company borrowed another RMB3.0 million (approximately US$0.44 million) short-term working capital loan from the same financial institution, of which RMB1.5 million (approximately US$0.22 million) will mature on July 29, 2019 and the remaining RMB1.5 million (approximately US$0.22 million) will mature on September 29, 2019.

Collateral for the above discussed revolving credit facility and short-term bank loans was an unlimited guarantee from Mr. Handong Cheng (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company) and his spouse.

The interest rate of these short-term bank loans was 5.655% per annum as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, which is 30% over the benchmark rate of the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”).

In March 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with the noncontrolling interest holder of Chuang Fu Tian Xia to purchase the remaining 49% equity interest of Chuang Fu Tian Xia for a total consideration of RMB15 million (approximately US$2.2 million), of which 50% of the total consideration need to be paid in cash and the remaining 50% of the total consideration would be paid in form of the Company’s common stock.

In May 2018, the purchase of the 49% equity interest in Chuang Fu Tian Xia was registered with the local branch of the State Administration of Industry and Commerce, which represented the official transfer of the 49% equity interest from the noncontrolling interest to the Company. The Company paid the cash part of the consideration, i.e. RMB7.5 million (approximately US$1.1 million), to the noncontrolling interest holder of Chuang Fu Tian Xia before June 30, 2018.

In early July 2018, the Company and the noncontrolling interest holder of Chuang Fu Tian Xia entered into an amendment agreement related to this transaction, pursuant to which, the two parties agreed to change the total consideration from RMB15 million to RMB12.5 million, and agreed to amend the form of settlement of the unpaid consideration of RMB5.0 million (approximately US$0.73 million) from the Company’s Common Stock to cash. The Company paid RMB3.5 million (approximately US$0.51 million) on July 31, 2018 and the remaining RMB1.5 million (approximately US$0.22 million) on October 24, 2018.

The Company accounted for this transaction as an equity transaction with no gain or loss to be recognized in its consolidated statement of operations.

In May 2015, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with Beijing Jinrun Fangzhou Science & Technology Co, Ltd. (“Jinrun Fangzhou”) and Dongsys Innovation (Beijing) Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Dongsys Innovation”), public companies listed on the National Equities Exchange and Quotations of the PRC (the “NEEQ”), respectively, pursuant to which these companies agreed to purchase a certain number of shares of common stock of the Company. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had received the 10% guarantee payment and 15% prepayment in an aggregate amount equal to US$819,000 from Jinrun Fangzhou, and the 10% guarantee payment in an amount equal to US$119,000 from Dongsys Innovation, respectively.

Due to certain restriction stipulated in the “Measures for Overseas Investment Management” issued by the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC (the “MOFCOM”), the Company and its investors experienced difficulties in obtaining approval for the transactions from the MOFCOM. As a result, on May 12, 2016, the Company terminated the security purchase agreements with these two investors, respectively. The Company did not make any repayment to these investors afterwards during 2016 and 2017. As agreed by the parties, beginning on January 1, 2017, the outstanding balances bear a 12% annualized interest rate and shall be refunded to the investors no later than December 31, 2017.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had fully repaid Jinrun Fangzhou and Dongsys Innovation their principal and the related interest through December 31, 2017. Both Dongsys Innovation and Jinrun Fangzhou agreed not to charge additional interest in fiscal 2018.

As of December 31, 2017, payable for purchasing of software technology presented the remaining outstanding payment balance of approximately RMB2.85 million (approximately US$0.4 million) for purchasing of software technology, which transaction consummated in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2016. The Company paid the outstanding amount to the counterparty in March 2018.

The entities within the Company file separate tax returns in the respective tax jurisdictions in which they operate.

i). a. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA” or the “Act”) (which is commonly referred to as “U.S. tax reform”). The Act significantly changes U.S. corporate income tax laws including but not limited to reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018, imposing a one-time transition tax on previously deferred foreign earnings and imposing a new tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) effective for tax years of non-U.S. corporations beginning after December 31, 2017.

i). b. The Company is incorporated in the state of Nevada. Under the current law of Nevada, the Company is not subject to state corporate income tax. Following the Share Exchange, the Company became a holding company and does not conduct any substantial operations of its own. No provision for federal corporate income tax has been made in the financial statements as the Company has no assessable profits for the nine and three ended September 30, 2018, or any prior periods. Before enactment of the Act, the Company did not provide for U.S. taxes or foreign withholding taxes on undistributed earnings from its non-U.S. subsidiaries because such earnings are intended to be reinvested indefinitely. If undistributed earnings were distributed, foreign tax credits could become available under current law to reduce the resulting U.S. income tax liability. Please see additional discussion regarding the assessment of the income tax effect of the Act in item i). d. below.

i). c. On December 22, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740 “Income Taxes”. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements.

i). d. The Company has completed its assessment of the one-time transition tax on its previously deferred foreign earnings during the third fiscal quarter of 2018, based on which, the Company concluded that no incremental income tax expense of the one-time mandatory tax on its previously deferred foreign earnings would be charged for the year ended December 31, 2017, as the Company had sufficient U.S. net operating losses carryforwards to offset the resulting incremental taxable income related to the deferred foreign earnings, which assessment was consistent with that disclosed in the Company’s 2017 Form 10-K. Based on the final assessment, the Company recognized an adjustment of approximately US$0.46 million for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018, to revise the provisional estimated amount of net operating loss utilized through toll charge income it recognized for the year ended December 31, 2017, from approximately US$1.40 million to approximately US$1.86 million.

i). e. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company is subject to the new GILTI tax rules. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of specified foreign corporations (“SFCs”), subject to the possible use of foreign tax credits and a deduction equal to 50 percent to offset the income tax liability, subject to some limitations. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company is allowed to make an accounting policy choice of either treating taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current period expense when incurred (the “period cost method”) or factoring such amounts into the Company’s measurement of its deferred taxes (the “deferred method”). According to the Company’s preliminary assessment based on its SFCs’ quarterly financial results, there was no taxable income related to GILTI for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018. However, the Company has not elected an accounting policy for the treatment of the taxes related to GILTI, which will be finalized no later than the fourth quarter of 2018.

ii). China Net BVI was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”). Under the current law of the BVI, China Net BVI is not subject to tax on income or capital gains. Additionally, upon payments of dividends by China Net BVI to its shareholders, no BVI withholding tax will be imposed.

iii). China Net HK was incorporated in Hong Kong and does not conduct any substantial operations of its own. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made in the financial statements as China Net HK has no assessable profits for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018 or any prior periods. Additionally, upon payments of dividends by China Net HK to its shareholders, no Hong Kong withholding tax will be imposed.

iv). The Company’s PRC operating subsidiaries and VIEs, being incorporated in the PRC, are governed by the income tax law of the PRC and is subject to PRC enterprise income tax (“EIT”). The EIT rate of PRC is 25%, which applies to both domestic and foreign invested enterprises.

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the preferential income tax treatment enjoyed by the Company’s PRC VIE, Business Opportunity Online was based on the current applicable laws and regulations of the PRC and approved by the related government regulatory authorities and local tax authorities where Business Opportunity Online operates in. The preferential income tax treatment is subject to change in accordance with the PRC government economic development policies and regulations. The preferential income tax treatment is primarily determined by the regulation and policies of the PRC government in the context of the overall economic policy and strategy. As a result, the uncertainty of the preferential income tax treatment is subject to, but not limited to, the PRC government policy on supporting any specific industry’s development under the outlook and strategy of overall macroeconomic development.

Service revenues provided by the Company’s PRC operating subsidiaries and VIEs were subject to Value Added Tax (“VAT”). VAT rate for provision of modern services (other than lease of corporeal movables) is 6% and for small scale taxpayer, 3%. Therefore, for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s service revenues are subject to VAT at a rate of 6%, after deducting the VAT paid for the services purchased from suppliers, or at a rate of 3% without any deduction of VAT paid for the services purchased from suppliers. The surcharges of the VAT is 12% to 14% of the VAT, depending on which tax jurisdiction the Company’s PRC operating subsidiaries and VIE operate in.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, taxes payable consists of:

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s income tax expense consisted of:

The Company’s deferred tax assets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

The U.S. holding company has incurred aggregate net operating losses (“NOLs”) of approximately US$18.9 million and US$13.3 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The NOLs carryforwards as of December 31, 2017 gradually expire over time, the last of which expires in 2037. NOLs incurred after December 31, 2017 will no longer be available to carry back, but will carry forward indefinitely. Furthermore, the Act imposes an annual limit of 80% on the amount of taxable income that can be offset by NOLs arising in tax years ending after December 31, 2017. The Company maintains a full valuation allowance against its net U.S. deferred tax assets, since due to uncertainties surrounding future utilization, the Company estimates there will not be sufficient future earnings to utilize its U.S. deferred tax assets.

The NOLs carried forward incurred by the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs were approximately US$25.5 million and US$24.0 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The losses carryforwards gradually expire over time, the last of which expires in 2023. The related deferred tax assets were calculated based on the respective net operating losses incurred by each of the PRC subsidiaries and VIEs and the respective corresponding enacted tax rate that will be in effect in the period in which the losses are expected to be utilized.

The Company recorded approximately US$10.0 million and US$7.2 million valuation allowance as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, because it is considered more likely than not that this portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized through sufficient future earnings of the entities to which the operating losses related.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded approximately US$3.1 million and US$1.1 million deferred tax valuation allowance, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded approximately US$1.9 million and US$0.4 million deferred tax valuation allowance, respectively.

Long-term borrowing from a director is a non-interest bearing loan from a director of the Company relating to the original paid-in capital contribution in the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary Rise King WFOE, which is not expected to be repaid within one year.

On January 17, 2018 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated a registered direct offering of 2,150,001 shares of the Company’s common stock to certain institutional investors at a purchase price of $5.15 per share (“the Financing”). As part of the transaction, the Company also issued to the investors warrants (the “Investor warrants”) for the purchase of up to 645,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $6.60 per share. The Investors warrants have a term of 30 months from the date of issuance. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $11.1 million.

The placement agent of the Financing received (i) a placement fee in the amount equal to 6% of the gross proceeds and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 129,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of US$6.60 per share, with a three-year term (“Placement agent warrants” and together with the Investor warrants, the “Warrants”). The Placement agent warrants is not exercisable for a period of six months and one day after the Closing Date.

The Warrants have an initial exercise price of USS6.60 per share, which is subject to anti-dilution provisions that require adjustment of the number of shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of the warrant, or to the exercise price of such shares, or both, to reflect stock dividends and splits, subsequent rights offerings, pro-rata distributions, and certain fundamental transactions. The Warrants also contain “full ratchet” price protection in the event of subsequent issuances below the applicable exercise price (the “Down round feature”).

The Warrants may not be exercised if it would result in the holder beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding common shares (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The holder of the Warrants, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding common shares. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61^st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.

Accounting for securities issued in the Financing

The Company determined that common stock issued in the Financing should be classified as permanent equity as there was no redemption provision at the option of the holders that is not within the control the Company on or after an agreed upon date.

The Company analyzed the Warrants issued in the Financing in accordance with ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging”. In accordance with ASC Topic 815, the Company determined that the Warrants should not be considered index to its own stock, as the strike price of the Warrants is dominated in a currency (U.S. dollar) other than the functional currency of the Company (Renminbi or Yuan). As a result, the Warrants does not meet the scope exception of ASC Topic 815, therefore, should be accounted for as derivative liabilities and measure at fair value with changes in fair value be recorded in earnings in each reporting period.

Fair value of the warrants

The Company used Binomial model to determine the fair value of the Warrants based on the assumptions summarized as below:

Stock price is the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock at the respective valuation date. Years to maturity is the respective remaining contract life of the warrants. Yield-to-maturities in continuous compounding of the United States Government Bonds with the time-to-maturities same as the respective warrant are adopted as the risk-free rate. Annualized historical stock price volatility of the Company at the respective valuation date is deemed to be appropriate to serve as the expected volatility of the stock price of the Company. The dividend yield is calculated based on management’s estimate of dividends to be paid on the underlying stock. Exercise price of the Warrants is the contractual exercise price of the Warrants.

Allocation of gross proceeds from the Financing

The Company allocated the total proceeds from the Financing as summarized below:

Investor warrants issued in the Financing was initially measurement at fair value. The residual amount, representing difference between the total proceeds and the fair value of the Investor warrants as of the Closing Date was assigned as the carrying value of the common stock issued in the Financing.

Offering costs

Offering costs in the amount of approximately US$1.2 million consisting of cash payment of approximately US$0.66 million placement fee, approximately US$0.15 million legal expense and fair value of placement agent warrants of approximately US$0.39 million, which were charged to additional paid-in-capital.

Warrant Liabilities

The Company accounted for the Warrants issuing in the Financing as derivative liabilities which were measured at fair value with changes in fair value be recorded in earnings in each reporting period.

Warrants issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and their movements during the nine months then ended are as follows:

As most of the Company’s operations are conducted through its PRC subsidiaries and VIEs, the Company’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on receiving distributions of funds from its PRC subsidiaries and VIEs. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by its PRC subsidiaries and VIEs only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations and after it has met the PRC requirements for appropriation to statutory reserves. Paid in capital of the PRC subsidiaries and VIEs included in the Company’s consolidated net assets are also non-distributable for dividend purposes.

In accordance with the PRC regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, a WFOE established in the PRC is required to provide certain statutory reserves, namely general reserve fund, the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund which are appropriated from net profit as reported in the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. A WFOE is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax profit to the general reserve until such reserve has reached 50% of its registered capital based on the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund are at the discretion of the board of directors. The aforementioned reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. Rise King WFOE is subject to the above mandated restrictions on distributable profits. Additionally, in accordance with the Company Law of the PRC, a domestic enterprise is required to provide a statutory common reserve of at least 10% of its annual after-tax profit until such reserve has reached 50% of its registered capital based on the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. A domestic enterprise is also required to provide for a discretionary surplus reserve, at the discretion of the board of directors. The aforementioned reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. All of the Company’s PRC VIEs are subject to the above mandated restrictions on distributable profits.

As a result of these PRC laws and regulations, the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, net assets restricted in the aggregate, which include paid-in capital and statutory reserve funds of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs that are included in the Company’s consolidated net assets, was approximately US$12.0 million and US$8.3 million, respectively.

The current PRC Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) Law also imposed a 10% withholding income tax for dividends distributed by a foreign invested enterprise to its immediate holding company outside China. A lower withholding tax rate will be applied if there is a tax treaty arrangement between mainland China and the jurisdiction of the foreign holding company. Holding companies in Hong Kong, for example, will be subject to a 5% withholding tax rate.

The ability of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs to make dividends and other payments to the Company may also be restricted by changes in applicable foreign exchange and other laws and regulations.

Foreign currency exchange regulation in China is primarily governed by the following rules:

Currently, under the Administration Rules, Renminbi is freely convertible for current account items, including the distribution of dividends, interest payments, trade and service related foreign exchange transactions, but not for capital account items, such as direct investments, loans, repatriation of investments and investments in securities outside of China, unless the prior approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (the “SAFE”) is obtained and prior registration with the SAFE is made. Foreign-invested enterprises like Rise King WFOE that need foreign exchange for the distribution of profits to its shareholders may effect payment from their foreign exchange accounts or purchase and pay foreign exchange rates at the designated foreign exchange banks to their foreign shareholders by producing board resolutions for such profit distribution. Based on their needs, foreign-invested enterprises are permitted to open foreign exchange settlement accounts for current account receipts and payments of foreign exchange along with specialized accounts for capital account receipts and payments of foreign exchange at certain designated foreign exchange banks.

Although the current Exchange Rules allow the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currency for current account items, conversion of Renminbi into foreign exchange for capital items, such as foreign direct investment, loans or securities, requires the approval of SAFE, which is under the authority of the People’s Bank of China. These approvals, however, do not guarantee the availability of foreign currency conversion. The Company cannot be sure that it will be able to obtain all required conversion approvals for its operations or the Chinese regulatory authorities will not impose greater restrictions on the convertibility of Renminbi in the future. Currently, most of the Company’s retained earnings are generated in Renminbi. Any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit the Company’s ability to use its retained earnings generated in Renminbi to make dividends or other payments in U.S. dollars or fund possible business activities outside China.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there was approximately US$nil and US$9.2 million retained earnings in the aggregate, respectively, which was generated by the Company’s PRC subsidiary and VIEs in Renminbi included in the Company’s consolidated net assets, aside from US$2.6 million of statutory reserve funds as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, that may be affected by increased restrictions on currency exchanges in the future, and accordingly, may further limit the Company’s PRC subsidiary’s and VIEs’ ability to make dividends or other payments in U.S. dollars to the Company, in addition to the approximately US$12.0 million and US$8.3 million of restricted net assets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, as discussed above.

Full time employees of the Company in the PRC participate in a government mandated defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require that the PRC subsidiaries of the Company make contributions to the government for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The employee benefits were expensed as incurred. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts for such employee benefits were approximately US$278,000 and US$318,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The total amounts for such employee benefits were approximately US$95,000 and US$92,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other receivables. As of September 30, 2018, 74% of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held by major financial institutions located in Mainland China, the remaining 26% was held by a financial institution located in the United States of America. The Company believes that these financial institutions located in Mainland China and the United States of America are of high credit quality. For accounts receivable and other receivables, the Company extends credit based on an evaluation of the customer’s or other third parties’ financial condition, generally without requiring collateral or other security. In order to minimize the credit risk, the Company delegated a team responsible for credit approvals and other monitoring procedures to ensure that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. Further, the Company reviews the recoverable amount of each individual receivable at each balance sheet date to ensure that adequate allowances are made for doubtful accounts. In this regard, the Company considers that the Company’s credit risk for accounts receivable and other receivables is significantly reduced.

Risk arising from operations in foreign countries

All of the Company’s operations are conducted within the PRC. The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to various political, economic, and other risks and uncertainties inherent in the PRC. Among other risks, the Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to the risks of restrictions on transfer of funds, changing taxation policies, foreign exchange restrictions; and political conditions and governmental regulations.

Currency convertibility risk

Significant part of the Company’s businesses is transacted in Renminbi, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions take place either through the People’s Bank of China or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the People’s Bank of China. Approval of foreign currency payments by the People’s Bank of China or other regulatory institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices and signed contracts. These exchange control measures imposed by the PRC government authorities may restrict the ability of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs to transfer its net assets, which to the Company through loans, advances or cash dividends.

Concentration of customers

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, one customer individually accounted for 17% of the Company’s revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the same one customer individually accounted for 22% of the Company’s revenues.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, three customers individually accounted for 14%, 11% and 11% of the Company’s revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, two of the three customers individually accounted for 24% and 16% of the Company’s revenues.

As of September 30, 2018, one customers individually accounted for 66% of the Company’s accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2017, the same one customer individually accounted for 30% of the Company’s accounts receivable, and another two customers individually accounted for 20% and 16% of the Company’s accounts receivable, respectively.

Concentration of suppliers

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, two suppliers individually accounted for 84% and 12% of the Company’s cost of revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the same two suppliers individually accounted for 86% and 10% of the Company’s cost of revenues.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, two suppliers individually accounted for 68% and 22% of the Company’s cost of revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the same two suppliers individually accounted for 58% and 29% of the Company’s cost of revenues.

The following table sets forth the Company’s operating lease commitment as of September 30, 2018:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, rental expenses under operating leases were approximately US$302,000 and US$304,000, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, rental expenses under operating leases were approximately US$96,000 and US$113,000, respectively.

In February 2018, the Company entered into a contract with an unrelated third party to development certain blockchain technology based applications with a total contract amount of US$4.5 million. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had paid US$3.38 million and the remaining unpaid contract amount is expected to be paid before June 2019.

In March 2018, the Company entered into a contract with another unrelated entity to develop a social network (WeChat) based marketing campaign application with a total contract amount of RMB3.0 million (approximately US$0.44 million). As of September 30, 2018, the Company had paid RMB2.4 million (approximately US$0.35 million) and the remaining unpaid contract amount is expected to be paid in December 2018.

The Company is currently not a party to any legal or administrative proceedings and are not aware of any pending or threatened legal or administrative proceedings against us in all material aspects. The Company may from time to time become a party to various legal or administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business.

The Company follows ASC Topic 280 “Segment Reporting”, which requires that companies disclose segment data based on how management makes decisions about allocating resources to segments and evaluating their performance. Reportable operating segments include components of an entity about which separate financial information is available and which operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess each operating segment’s performance.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 (Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)