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ChinaNet Online Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the State of Texas in April 2006 and re-domiciled to become a Nevada corporation in October 2006. On June 26, 2009, the Company consummated a share exchange transaction with China Net Online Media Group Limited (the “Share Exchange”), a company organized under the laws of British Virgin Islands (“China Net BVI”). As a result of the Share Exchange, China Net BVI became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and the Company is now a holding company, which, through certain contractual arrangements with operating companies in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”), is engaged in providing advertising, precision marketing, online to offline (O2O) sales channel expansion and the related data services to small and medium enterprises (“SMEs”) and entrepreneurial management and networking services for entrepreneurs in the PRC.

As of September 30, 2017, the Company operated its business primarily in China through its PRC subsidiaries and operating entities, or Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) as discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “2016 Form 10-K”).

Summarized below is the information related to the VIEs’ assets and liabilities reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively:

All of the VIEs' assets can be used to settle obligations of their primary beneficiary. Liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on the Company’s general assets.

Summarized below is the information related to the financial performance of the VIEs reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively:

The condensed consolidated interim financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

The condensed consolidated interim financial information as of September 30, 2017 and for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 have been prepared without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures, which are normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The condensed consolidated interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto, included in the 2016 Form 10-K.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2017, its consolidated results of operations for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and its consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, as applicable, have been made. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.

The condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the financial statements of all the subsidiaries and VIEs of the Company. All transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries and VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company continually evaluates these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, historical experience and various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates.

The exchange rates used to translate amounts in RMB into US$ for the purposes of preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements are as follows:

No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be converted into US$ at the above rates.

Advertising costs for the Company’s own brand building are not includable in cost of revenues, they are expensed when incurred or amortized over the estimated beneficial period and are included in “sales and marketing expenses” in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, advertising expenses for the Company’s own brand building were approximately US$1,583,000 and US$1,684,000, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, advertising expenses for the Company’s own brand building were approximately US$480,000 and US$724,000, respectively.

The Company accounts for the cost of developing and upgrading technologies and platforms and intellectual property that are used in its daily operations in research and development cost. Research and development costs are charged to expense when incurred. Expenses for research and development for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were approximately US$1,012,000 and US$1,530,000, respectively. Expenses for research and development for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were approximately US$312,000 and US$514,000, respectively.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (as further amended or clarified by other related ASUs issued subsequently in 2015, 2016 and 2017). ASU No. 2014-09 clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and develops a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and IFRS. Simultaneously, this ASU supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605-Revenue Recognition and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. The core principle of this ASU requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply the five steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. For public business entities, certain not-for-profit entities, and certain employee benefit plans, the amendments in ASU No. 2014-09 and the amendments in other related ASUs that affected the guidance in ASU 2014-09 should be applied to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company did not early adopt this ASU in fiscal 2017, and will apply the new revenue standard beginning January 1, 2018. Based on the Company’s preliminary evaluation, the Company does not currently expect the adoption of these amendments to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position and results of operations. However, adopting the new revenue standard will significantly increase the disclosure requirements of the sufficient information (qualitatively and quantitatively) to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company plans to continue the evaluation and analysis of its adoption of ASU 2014-09 (including those subsequently issued updates that clarify or amend ASU 2014-09’s provisions) throughout 2017 as the Company works towards the implementation and finalizes its determination of the impact that the adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Term deposit as of December 31, 2016 represented the amount of cash placed as a term deposit by one of the Company’s operating VIEs in a major financial institution in China, which management believes is of high credit quality. The term deposit matured on July 7, 2017. The interest rate of the term deposit was 2.25% per annum.

All of the accounts receivable are non-interest bearing. Based on the assessment of the collectability of the accounts receivable as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company provided approximately US$4,149,000 and US$2,712,000 allowance for doubtful accounts, which were primarily related to the accounts receivable of the Company’s internet advertising and TV advertising business segment. The Company evaluates its accounts receivables with an aging over six months and determines the allowance based on aging data, historical collection experience, customer specific facts and economic conditions. For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017, approximately US$1,254,000 and US$1,283,000 allowance for doubtful accounts was provided. For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2016, no allowance for doubtful accounts was provided or reversed.

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Other receivables as of September 30, 2017 represented a short-term working capital loan to an unrelated third party, which will expire on June 30, 2018. The loan is unsecured and non-interest bearing. The Company expects to fully collect this loan by the end of 2017. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, other receivables also included approximately RMB6.0 (US$0.9 million) overdue contractual deposits, which were related to advertising resources purchase contracts that had been completed with no further cooperation. Based on the assessment of the collectability of these overdue deposits as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had provided full allowance against these doubtful accounts.

The Company purchases internet resources from large internet search engines and technical services from suppliers to attract more internet traffic to its advertising portals and provide value-added services to its clients.

According to the contracts signed between the Company and its suppliers, the Company is normally required to pay the contract amounts in advance. These prepayments will be transferred to cost of revenues when the related services are provided. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, prepayments to internet resources providers primarily consisted of advance payments paid for purchasing internet resources from two of the Company’s largest internet resources suppliers.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, deposits to other service provider represented the deposit for an advisory contract related to finding new investors for the Company, which will expire on December 31, 2017.

Related parties of the Company represented the Company’s direct or indirect unconsolidated investee companies. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, due from related parties primarily included short-term working capital loans of RMB1.0 million (approximately US$0.15 million) and RMB1.2 million (approximately US$0.18 million) to Chuangshi Meiwei and Guohua Shiji, respectively. The working capital loans are lent to supplement the short-term operational needs of these related parties to assist certain of their business developing projects. The working capital loans are non-interest bearing and needs to be repaid to the Company within one year. Based on the assessment of the collectability, the Company provided approximately US$151,000 and US$144,000 allowance for doubtful accounts against its amounts due from related parties as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, which was related to the working capital loan lent to Chuangshi Meiwei.

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Equity method investments

As of September 30, 2017, the Company beneficially owned 23.18% and 25.5% equity interest in Shenzhen Mingshan and Zhao Shang Ke Hubei, respectively. The Company accounts for its investments in these companies under equity method of accounting. Based on the facts of the significant decline in level of business activities from 2015, insufficient amount of working capital and the lack of commitment from majority shareholders, these two investment affiliates had become dormant and the possibility of the business recovery is remote. As a result, the Company reduced the carrying value of these investments to zero as of the end of 2015.

Cost method investments

As of September 30, 2017, the Company beneficially owned a 19% equity interest in ChinaNet Chuang Tou and Guohua Shiji, respectively, a 10% equity interest in Chuangshi Meiwei and Beijing Saturday, respectively, and a 15% equity interest in ChinaNet Korea. The Company accounts for its investments in these companies under cost method of accounting. As the business plan of ChinaNet Korea and Chuangshi Meiwei were not implemented smoothly and based on the facts of the significant decline in level of business activities, insufficient amount of working capital and the lack of commitment from majority shareholders, the possibility of the business recovery of these two companies is remote. As a result, the Company reduced the carrying value of these investments to zero as of the end of 2016. The following table summarizes the movement of the investments in cost method investees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:

The Company contributed RMB9,000,000 (approximately US$1.35 million) in cash upon incorporation of ChinaNet Chuang Tou in November 2015. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, as approved by the shareholders of ChinaNet Chuang Tou, the Company withdrew RMB3,000,000 (approximately US$0.45 million) cash investment from ChinaNet Chuang Tou. This transaction does not have any impact on the shareholding and other shareholders’ rights of the Company in ChinaNet Chuang Tou.

Depreciation expenses in the aggregate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were approximately US$149,000 and US$193,000, respectively. Depreciation expenses in the aggregate for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were approximately US$49,000 and US$56,000, respectively.

Amortization expenses in aggregate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were approximately US$917,000 and US$977,000, respectively. Amortization expenses in aggregate for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were approximately US$310,000 and US$354,000, respectively.

Based on the current carrying value of the finite-lived intangible assets recorded, which weighted average remaining useful life was 5.85 years as of September 30, 2017, and assuming no further subsequent impairment of the underlying intangible assets, the estimated future amortization expenses is approximately US$308,000 for the three months ending December 31, 2017, approximately US$1,232,000 each year for the years ending December 31, 2018 through 2020, and approximately US$1,161,000 for the year ending December 31, 2021.

As of December 31, 2016, one of the Company’s VIEs borrowed two short-term bank loans of RMB5.0 million (approximately US$0.7 million), in the aggregate, from a major financial institution in China to supplement its short-term working capital needs. The short-term bank loan of RMB3.0 million (approximately US$0.4 million) matured and was repaid on July 18, 2017, and was re-borrowed on August 16, 2017, which will mature on August 15, 2018. The remaining short-term bank loan of RMB 2.0 million (approximately US$0.3 million) matured and was repaid on October 18, 2017, and was re-borrowed on October 23, 2017, which will mature on October 22, 2018. The current interest rate of these short-term bank loan is 5.655% per annum, which is 30% over the benchmark rate of the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”).

In May 2015, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with Beijing Jinrun Fangzhou Science & Technology Co, Ltd. (“Jinrun Fangzhou”) and Dongsys Innovation (Beijing) Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Dongsys Innovation”), public companies listed on the National Equities Exchange and Quotations of the PRC (the “NEEQ”), respectively, pursuant to which these companies agreed to purchase a certain number of shares of common stock of the Company. The Company had received the 10% guarantee payment and 15% prepayment in an aggregate amount equal to US$806,000 from Jinrun Fangzhou, and the 10% guarantee payment in an amount equal to US$117,000 from Dongsys Innovation, respectively.

Due to certain restriction stipulated in the “Measures for Overseas Investment Management” issued by the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC (the “MOFCOM”), the Company and its investors experienced difficulties in obtaining approval for the transactions from the MOFCOM. As a result, on May 12, 2016, the Company terminated the security purchase agreements with the two investors, respectively. The Company did not make any repayment to these investors afterwards during 2016 and the first nine months of 2017. As agreed by the parties, beginning on January 1, 2017, the Company will bear a 12% annualized interest rate for the unpaid amounts and the amounts shall be refunded to the investors no later than December 31, 2017. The Company expects to settle the balances with the two investors within 2017. Interest expense for the unpaid amounts accrued for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 was approximately US$0.08 million and US$0.03 million, which has been recorded in other payables account.

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Payable for purchasing of software technology as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 represented the remaining outstanding payment balance of approximately RMB2.85 million (approximately US$0.4 million) for purchasing of software technology, which transaction consummated in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2016. The Company expects to settle the balance with the counter party within 2017.

The entities within the Company file separate tax returns in the respective tax jurisdictions in which they operate.

i). The Company is incorporated in the state of Nevada. Under the current law of Nevada, the Company is not subject to state corporate income tax. Following the Share Exchange, the Company became a holding company and does not conduct any substantial operations of its own. No provision for federal corporate income tax has been made in the financial statements as the Company has no assessable profits for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017, or any prior periods. The Company does not provide for U.S. taxes or foreign withholding taxes on undistributed earnings from its non-U.S. subsidiaries because such earnings are intended to be reinvested indefinitely. If undistributed earnings were distributed, foreign tax credits could become available under current law to reduce the resulting U.S. income tax liability.

ii). China Net BVI was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”). Under the current law of the BVI, China Net BVI is not subject to tax on income or capital gains. Additionally, upon payments of dividends by China Net BVI to its shareholders, no BVI withholding tax will be imposed.

iii). China Net HK was incorporated in Hong Kong and does not conduct any substantial operations of its own. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made in the financial statements as China Net HK has no assessable profits for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 or any prior periods. Additionally, upon payments of dividends by China Net HK to its shareholders, no Hong Kong withholding tax will be imposed.

iv). The Company’s PRC operating subsidiaries and VIEs, being incorporated in the PRC, are governed by the income tax law of the PRC and is subject to PRC enterprise income tax (“EIT”). The EIT rate of PRC is 25%, which applies to both domestic and foreign invested enterprises.

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the preferential income tax treatment enjoyed by the Company’s PRC VIE, Business Opportunity Online was based on the current applicable laws and regulations of the PRC and approved by the related government regulatory authorities and local tax authorities where Business Opportunity Online operates in. The preferential income tax treatment is subject to change in accordance with the PRC government economic development policies and regulations. The preferential income tax treatment is primarily determined by the regulation and policies of the PRC government in the context of the overall economic policy and strategy. As a result, the uncertainty of the preferential income tax treatment is subject to, but not limited to, the PRC government policy on supporting any specific industry’s development under the outlook and strategy of overall macroeconomic development.

Service revenues provided by the Company’s PRC operating subsidiaries and VIEs were subject to Value Added Tax (“VAT”). VAT rate for provision of modern services (other than lease of corporeal movables) is 6% and for small scale taxpayer, 3%. Therefore, for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company’s service revenues are subject to VAT at a rate of 6%, after deducting the VAT paid for the services purchased from suppliers, or at a rate of 3% without any deduction of VAT paid for the services purchased from suppliers. The surcharges of the VAT is 12%-14% of the VAT, depending on which tax jurisdiction the Company’s PRC operating subsidiaries and VIE operate in.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, taxes payable consists of:

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company’s income tax expense consisted of:

The Company’s deferred tax assets at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

The net operating losses carried forward incurred by the Company (excluding its PRC operating subsidiaries and VIEs) were approximately US$18,168,000 and US$17,544,000 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, which loss is applicable to the Company’s U.S. income tax return and carry forwards gradually expire over time, the last of which expires in 2037. A full valuation allowance has been recorded because it is considered more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized through sufficient future earnings of the entity to which the operating losses relate.

The net operating losses carried forward (excluding bad debts provision and non-deductible expenses) incurred by the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs were approximately US$19,945,000 and US$17,939,000 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, which loss is applicable to the Company’s PRC income tax return and carry forwards gradually expire over time, the last of which expires in 2022. The related deferred tax assets were calculated based on the respective net operating losses incurred by each of the PRC subsidiaries and VIEs and the respective corresponding enacted tax rate that will be in effect in the period in which the losses are expected to be utilized. The Company recorded approximately US$645,000 and US$446,000 net valuation allowance for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and approximately US$142,000 and US$149,000 net valuation allowance for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, because it is considered more likely than not that this portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized through sufficient future earnings of the entities to which the operating losses relate. The Company also utilized approximately US$119,000 and US$267,000 previously recognized deferred tax assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and approximately US$8,000 and US$74,000 previously recognized deferred tax assets for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, due to earnings generated during the respective periods.

Full valuation allowance to bad debts provision related deferred tax assets were recorded because it is considered more likely than not that this portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized through bad debts verification by the local tax authorities where the PRC subsidiaries and VIEs operate in.

The tax authority of the PRC government conducts periodic and ad hoc tax filing reviews on business enterprises operating in the PRC after those enterprises had completed their relevant tax filings, hence the Company’s tax filings may not be finalized. It is therefore uncertain as to whether the PRC tax authority may take different views about the Company’s tax filings which may lead to additional tax liabilities.

Long-term borrowing from a director is a non-interest bearing loan from a director of the Company relating to the original paid-in capital contribution in the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary Rise King WFOE, which is not expected to be repaid within one year.

As most of the Company’s operations are conducted through its PRC subsidiary and VIEs, the Company’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on receiving distributions of funds from its PRC subsidiary and VIEs. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by its PRC subsidiary and VIEs only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations and after it has met the PRC requirements for appropriation to statutory reserves. Paid in capital of the PRC subsidiary and VIEs included in the Company’s consolidated net assets are also non-distributable for dividend purposes.

In accordance with the PRC regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, a WFOE established in the PRC is required to provide certain statutory reserves, namely general reserve fund, the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund which are appropriated from net profit as reported in the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. A WFOE is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax profit to the general reserve until such reserve has reached 50% of its registered capital based on the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund are at the discretion of the board of directors. The aforementioned reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. Rise King WFOE is subject to the above mandated restrictions on distributable profits. Additionally, in accordance with the Company Law of the PRC, a domestic enterprise is required to provide a statutory common reserve of at least 10% of its annual after-tax profit until such reserve has reached 50% of its registered capital based on the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. A domestic enterprise is also required to provide for a discretionary surplus reserve, at the discretion of the board of directors. The aforementioned reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. All of the Company’s PRC VIEs are subject to the above mandated restrictions on distributable profits.

As a result of these PRC laws and regulations, the Company’s PRC subsidiary and VIEs are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, net assets restricted in the aggregate, which include paid-in capital and statutory reserve funds of the Company’s PRC subsidiary and VIEs that are included in the Company’s consolidated net assets, was approximately US$8.1 million and US$7.8 million, respectively.

The current PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law also imposed a 10% withholding income tax for dividends distributed by a foreign invested enterprise to its immediate holding company outside China. A lower withholding tax rate will be applied if there is a tax treaty arrangement between mainland China and the jurisdiction of the foreign holding company. Holding companies in Hong Kong, for example, will be subject to a 5% rate.

The ability of the Company’s PRC subsidiary and VIEs to make dividends and other payments to the Company may also be restricted by changes in applicable foreign exchange and other laws and regulations.

Foreign currency exchange regulation in China is primarily governed by the following rules:

Currently, under the Administration Rules, Renminbi is freely convertible for current account items, including the distribution of dividends, interest payments, trade and service related foreign exchange transactions, but not for capital account items, such as direct investments, loans, repatriation of investments and investments in securities outside of China, unless the prior approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (the “SAFE”) is obtained and prior registration with the SAFE is made. Foreign-invested enterprises like Rise King WFOE that need foreign exchange for the distribution of profits to its shareholders may effect payment from their foreign exchange accounts or purchase and pay foreign exchange rates at the designated foreign exchange banks to their foreign shareholders by producing board resolutions for such profit distribution. Based on their needs, foreign-invested enterprises are permitted to open foreign exchange settlement accounts for current account receipts and payments of foreign exchange along with specialized accounts for capital account receipts and payments of foreign exchange at certain designated foreign exchange banks.

Although the current Exchange Rules allow the convertibility of Chinese Renminbi into foreign currency for current account items, conversion of Chinese Renminbi into foreign exchange for capital items, such as foreign direct investment, loans or securities, requires the approval of SAFE, which is under the authority of the People’s Bank of China. These approvals, however, do not guarantee the availability of foreign currency conversion. The Company cannot be sure that it will be able to obtain all required conversion approvals for its operations or the Chinese regulatory authorities will not impose greater restrictions on the convertibility of Chinese Renminbi in the future. Currently, most of the Company’s retained earnings are generated in Renminbi. Any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit the Company’s ability to use its retained earnings generated in Renminbi to make dividends or other payments in U.S. dollars or fund possible business activities outside China.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there was approximately US$14.8 million and US$17.6 million retained earnings in the aggregate, respectively, which was generated by the Company’s PRC subsidiary and VIEs in Renminbi included in the Company’s consolidated net assets, aside from US$2.6 million and US$2.5 million of statutory reserve funds as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, that may be affected by increased restrictions on currency exchanges in the future, and accordingly, may further limit the Company’s PRC subsidiary’s and VIEs’ ability to make dividends or other payments in U.S. dollars to the Company, in addition to the approximately US$8.1 million and US$7.8 million of restricted net assets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, as discussed above.

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Full time employees of the Company in the PRC participate in a government mandated defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require that the PRC subsidiaries of the Company make contributions to the government for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The employee benefits were expensed as incurred. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts for such employee benefits were approximately US$318,000 and US$456,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The total amounts for such employee benefits were approximately US$92,000 and US$158,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, term deposit and accounts receivable. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and term deposit were held by major financial institutions located in Mainland China, which management believes are of high credit quality. For accounts receivables, the Company extends credit based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition, generally without requiring collateral or other security. In order to minimize the credit risk, the Company delegated a team responsible for credit approvals and other monitoring procedures to ensure that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. Further, the Company reviews the recoverable amount of each individual trade debt at each balance sheet date to ensure that adequate allowances are made for doubtful accounts. In this regard, the Company considers that the Company’s credit risk for accounts receivables is significantly reduced.

Risk arising from operations in foreign countries

All of the Company’s operations are conducted within the PRC. The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to various political, economic, and other risks and uncertainties inherent in the PRC. Among other risks, the Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to the risks of restrictions on transfer of funds, changing taxation policies, foreign exchange restrictions and political conditions and governmental regulations.

Currency convertibility risk

Significant part of the Company’s businesses is transacted in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions take place either through the People’s Bank of China or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the People’s Bank of China. Approval of foreign currency payments by the People’s Bank of China or other regulatory institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices and signed contracts. These exchange control measures imposed by the PRC government authorities may restrict the ability of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs to transfer its net assets, which to the Company through loans, advances or cash dividends.

Concentration of customers

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, three customers individually accounted for 14%, 11% and 11% of the Company’s revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, two of the three customers individually accounted for 25% and 16% of the Company’s revenues. Except for the aforementioned customer, there was no other single customer who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenues for the nine or three months ended September 30, 2017.

For the three months ended September 30, 2016, two customers individually accounted for 14% and 12% of the Company’s revenues. Except for the aforementioned customers, there was no other single customer who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenues for the nine or three months ended September 30, 2016.

As of September 30, 2017, three customers individually accounted for 15%, 14% and 13% of the Company’s accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2016, two customers individually accounted for 22% and 14% of the Company’s accounts receivable. Except for the aforementioned, there was no other single customer who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

Concentration of suppliers

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, two suppliers individually accounted for 68% and 22% of the Company’s cost of revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the same two suppliers individually accounted for 58% and 29% of the Company’s cost of revenues. Except for the afore-mentioned, there was no other single supplier who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s cost of revenues for the nine or three months ended September 30, 2017.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, two suppliers individually accounted for 28% and 37% of the Company’s cost of revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, the same two suppliers individually accounted for 52% and 16% of the Company’s cost of revenues. Except for the afore-mentioned, there was no other single supplier who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s cost of revenues for the nine or three months ended September 30, 2016.

The following table sets forth the Company’s operating lease commitment as of September 30, 2017:

Excluding rental expenses included in discontinued operation for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, rental expenses under operating leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were approximately US$304,000 and US$447,000, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, rental expenses under operating leases were approximately US$113,000 and US$137,000, respectively.

The Company follows ASC Topic 280 “Segment Reporting”, which requires that companies disclose segment data based on how management makes decisions about allocating resources to segments and evaluating their performance. Reportable operating segments include components of an entity about which separate financial information is available and which operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess each operating segment’s performance.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 (Unaudited)

Basic and diluted loss per share for each of the periods presented are calculated as follows (All amounts, except number of shares and per share data, are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars):

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017, the diluted loss per share calculation for continuing operations did not include options to purchase up to 835,216 shares of the Company’s common stock, because they were out of the money, and did not include 266,238 shares of unvested restricted common stock, because their effect was anti-dilutive, as the Company incurred a loss for the periods from continuing operations.

For the nine and three months ended September 30, 2016, the diluted loss per share calculation for continuing and discontinued operations did not include options to purchase up to 835,216 shares of the Company’s common stock, because they were out of the money, and did not include 799,571 shares of unvested restricted common stock, because their effect was anti-dilutive, as the Company incurred a loss for the periods from both continuing and discontinued operations.

The Company granted 75,000 and 20,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock to its investor relations services provider, in exchange for its services to the Company for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These shares were valued at US$1.02 and US$3.00 per share, the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the earlier of the performance commitment date or the date service was completed, respectively. Total compensation expense recognized for the service was US$57,380 and US$19,130 for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Total compensation expense recognized for the service was US$45,000 and US$15,000 for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

In July 2017, the Company issued 75,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock to two management consulting service providers in exchange for its services to the Company for a 12-month period commencing on July 1, 2017. These shares were valued at US$1.00 per share, the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the earlier of the performance commitment date or the date service was completed. Total compensation expense recognized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 was approximately US$18,750, respectively.

In February 2017, the Company granted 20,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock to one of its independent directors in exchange for his services provided to the Company. These shares were valued at US$1.12 per share, the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Total compensation expense recognized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 was US$22,400 and US$nil, respectively.

On April 1, 2016, the Company granted 16,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock in aggregate to two marketing service providers in exchange for their services to the Company for a 12-month period commencing on April 1, 2016. These shares were valued at US$1.73 per share, the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the earlier of the performance commitment date or the date service was completed. Total compensation expense recognized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 was approximately US$6,900 and US$nil, respectively. Total compensation expense recognized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2016 was approximately US$13,800 and US$6,900, respectively.

On September 14, 2015, under its 2015 Omnibus Securities and Incentive Plan, the Company granted its employees in the aggregate of 266,238 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, which will be vested on the third anniversary of the date of the grant. These shares were valued at US$2.10 per share, the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Company adopted a 5% forfeiture rate for recognition of the related compensation expenses of these unvested shares. Total compensation expenses recognized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 was approximately US$132,300 and US$44,600 respectively. Total compensation expenses recognized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2016 was approximately US$132,790 and US$44,600, respectively.

On September 14, 2015, under its 2015 Omnibus Securities and Incentive Plan, the Company also granted 5-year common stock purchase options to its employees, in the aggregate, to purchase up to 477,240 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock at an exercise price of US$2.10 per share, of which 159,080 options vested upon the date of grant, 159,080 options vested on September 14, 2016 and the remaining 159,080 options vested on September 14, 2017. These options were valuated at US$1.03-US$1.39 per option. Total compensation expenses recognized for these options for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 was approximately US$155,000 and US$53,100, respectively. Total compensation expenses recognized for these options for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2016 was approximately US$150,000 and US$57,500, respectively.

The Company granted 140,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock to a management consulting service provider in exchange for its services to the Company for a 24-month period commencing on May 1, 2015. These shares were valued at US$3.93 per share, the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the earlier of the performance commitment date or the date service was completed. Total compensation expense recognized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2017 was approximately US$91,580 and US$nil, respectively. Total compensation expense recognized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2016 was approximately US$206,100 and US$68,700, respectively.

On December 30, 2014, the Company issued 1,680,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock to its executive officers, of which 613,334 restricted shares vested upon issuance, 533,333 restricted shares vested on December 30, 2015 and the remaining 533,333 restricted shares vested on December 30, 2016. The restricted stock was valued at $2.93 per share, the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Total compensation expenses recognized for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2016 was US$1,170,000 and US$390,000, respectively.

**The number of restricted common stocks, common stock purchase options and the related stock price discussed in the above paragraphs, which related transactions occurred before August 19, 2016, have been retroactively restated to reflect the Company’s 1 for 2.5 reverse stock split, which was effective on August 19, 2016.

Options issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and their movements during the nine months then ended are as follows:

The aggregate unrecognized share-based compensation expenses as of September 30, 2017 and 2016 is approximately US$233,000 and US$1,111,000, respectively.

The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued, and has determined that there are no such events that are material to the financial statements.

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